Reforma migratoria de Trump y a quiénes afectaría

De aprobarse la reforma migratoria que propone el Presidente Donald Trump, se modificarà ­a radicalmente la situacià ³n legal de un grupo de migrantes indocumentados, se eliminarà ­an y alterarà ­an algunos de los caminos mà ¡s comunes para sacar la tarjeta de residencia, y se reducirà ­a drà ¡sticamente el nà ºmero total de migrantes legales que se admiten anualmente en Estados Unidos. En este artà ­culo se explican cuà ¡les son esas  propuestas, a quià ©nes afectarà ­a y cà ³mo es el proceso legislativo estadounidense necesario para que se aprueben y se conviertan en ley. Propuesta de reforma migratoria para los "Dreamers" Los Dreamers son los inmigrantes indocumentados que llegaron a los Estados Unidos siendo nià ±os. Cualquier tipo de reforma migratoria que se intente llevar a cabo, pasa por la necesidad de encontrar una salida legal a la situacià ³n de estos muchachos. Barack Obama, el anterior presidente, protegià ³ a 700.000 de ellos de la deportacià ³n y les permitià ³ obtener un permiso de trabajo cuando, mediante una accià ³n ejecutiva en 2012, creà ³ el programa de Accià ³n Diferida, conocido en inglà ©s por las siglas de DACA.   Sin embargo, en septiembre de 2017 y mediante otra  orden ejecutiva, el Presidente Trump puso fin a ese programa de forma escalonada y prohibià ³ presentar nuevas solicitudes. En  la actualidad, por decisià ³n judicial el gobierno està ¡ obligado a seguir procesando solicitudes de renovaciones, a la espera de que una corte dicte sobre la legalidad de la accià ³n ejecutiva que puso fin a DACA. De aprobarse la propuesta de reforma migratoria, se abrirà ­a un camino para estos muchachos hacia la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense, previa obtencià ³n de la residencia permanente, tambià ©n conocida como green card, en un proceso que podrà ­a demorarse entre 10 y 12 aà ±os. Se estima que esta propuesta beneficiarà ­a a un total de 1,8 millones de jà ³venes, es decir, los 700,000 de DACA y 1,1 millà ³n mà ¡s de personas que podrà ­an calificar. Para ellos supondrà ­a pasar de un estatus migratorio de indocumentado a uno legal. Reforma migratoria eliminarà ­agreen card por reunificacià ³n familiar Una de las iniciativas mà ¡s polà ©micas de  Trump  es la de poner fin a ciertas categorà ­as de peticià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia permanente para familiares.   Se eliminarà ­an, en primer lugar, las peticiones que, segà ºn la ley actual, pueden realizar los ciudadanos americanos en favor de sus padres, hermanos, hijos casados de cualquier edad e hijos solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os. Es decir, los ciudadanos solo podrà ­an pedir la green card para sus cà ³nyuges y para sus hijos solteros considerados como nià ±os (child, en inglà ©s segà ºn la terminologà ­a de las leyes migratorias).   En la actualidad, para la ley migratoria que rige este tipo de solicitudes, es considerado como nià ±o toda persona soltera menor de 21 aà ±os de edad. Algunas propuestas de reforma migratoria consideran rebajar a 18 aà ±os la consideracià ³n de nià ±o. En segundo lugar, segà ºn esta propuesta de reforma migratoria, tambià ©n se eliminarà ­an las peticiones de papeles efectuadas por residentes permanentes en favor de sus hijos solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os, de tal manera que los residentes permanentes solo podrà ­an pedir la green card para sus cà ³nyuges y para sus hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os. Tambià ©n en estos casos se considera rebajar la edad a los 18 aà ±os, en vez de los 21, que es la edad que aplica en la actualidad. Para justificar  esta medida de poner fin a ciertas categorà ­as de inmigracià ³n por reunificacià ³n familiar, Trump argumenta que, en realidad, es una forma de inmigracià ³n en cadena. Por ejemplo, un ciudadano puede pedir a un hermano y puede incluir en la misma solicitud a la esposa de este y a los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os. Con el paso del tiempo, esas personas podrà ­an obtener la green card y, posteriormente, la ciudadanà ­a americana por naturalizacià ³n. A partir de ese momento, podrà ­an realizar sus propias peticiones. Por ejemplo, la cuà ±ada del ciudadano que realizà ³ la primera peticià ³n podrà ­a pedir a sus padres, hijos mayores de 21 aà ±os o hermanos. Asà ­, esas personas  emigrarà ­an a Estados Unidos meramente por razà ³n de sus lazos familiares, pero sin tener en consideracià ³n quà © le pueden aportar al paà ­s.   Si se aprobara una reforma migratoria eliminando las categorà ­as de peticiones de familia  mencionadas, se reducirà ­a automà ¡ticamente en 400.000 personas el nà ºmero de inmigrantes que legalmente obtienen la green card en Estados Unidos por aà ±o fiscal. En este caso, los perjudicados serà ­an los 3,9 millones de personas que llevan aà ±os, y en algunos casos dà ©cadas, esperando  una visa de inmigrante disponible en su categorà ­a, como se puede verificar en el boletà ­n de visas que publica y actualiza cada mes el Departamento de Estado. Entre las personas que mà ¡s tiempo llevan esperando està ¡n los hermanos y los hijos casados de ciudadanos americanos de Mà ©xico. Entre los perjudicados tambià ©n estarà ­an los ciudadanos y los residentes que presentaron la peticià ³n de papeles en favor de un familiar en una categorà ­a que se eliminarà ­a. Eliminacià ³n de la loterà ­a de visas de la diversidad Todos los aà ±os fiscales, se celebra un sorteo gratuito de tarjetas de residencia permanente que se conoce como loterà ­a de visas de la diversidad y que tiene por objeto facilitar la inmigracià ³n procedente de paà ­ses con niveles no altos de migracià ³n actual hacia Estados Unidos. Por esta razà ³n, està ¡n excluidos de participar los nacidos en paà ­ses con altas tasas de migracià ³n, como Mà ©xico, Repà ºblica Dominicana o Colombia, por ejemplo.   En la actualidad, la loterà ­a de visas favorece principalmente a los africanos. Entre los paà ­ses de habla espaà ±ola, los venezolanos son los que està ¡n ganando por este sistema mà ¡s tarjetas de residencia. De eliminarse este programa de la loterà ­a de visas, los perjudicados serà ­an las 50.000 personas que anualmente obtienen la tarjeta de residencia por medio de este sorteo. Construccià ³n de muro enla frontera entre Estados Unidos y Mà ©xico La construccià ³n del muro, una de las promesas electorales de Trump, tendrà ­a un costo de 25 mil millones de dà ³lares. La Casa Blanca pone como requisito para apoyar cualquier medida de regularizacià ³n migratoria para los Dreamers que el Senado y la Cà ¡mara de Representantes aprueben el presupuesto para la construccià ³n del muro y que se incremente la partida de dinero destinada a las labores de control en las zonas fronterizas que llevan acabo la Patrulla Fronteriza (CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y el ICE, la agencia encargada de ejecutar las leyes migratorias. La construccià ³n del muro tiene una fuerte oposicià ³n en Estados Unidos, ya que un buen nà ºmero de legisladores opinan que es muy caro, que la frontera entre los dos paà ­ses ya està ¡ casi en su totalidad separada por una valla y, finalmente, que no servirà ­a realmente para detener completamente la inmigracià ³n indocumentada. Esto porque se estima que mà ¡s de la mitad de todos los migrantes indocumentados presentes en Estados Unidos ingresaron legalmente con una visa y, simplemente, perdieron su estatus al no salir del paà ­s dentro de plazo. En este caso, se argumenta que la à ºnica solucià ³n para acabar con la migracià ³n indocumentada serà ­a imposibilitar que pudiese  trabajar mediante la imposicià ³n obligatoria en todas las empresas del sistema e-verify para verificar el estatus migratorio de todos los empleados y acompaà ±arla de altas multas a las empresas que den trabajo a inmigrantes sin los documentos en regla. De construirse el muro, los grandes perjudicados serà ­an los contribuyentes estadounidenses, ya que el dinero no lo pondrà ­a Mà ©xico, como se habà ­a anunciado en el fragor de la  campaà ±a presidencial del 2016. Creacià ³n de sistema de inmigracià ³n por puntos En el caso de una eventual nueva ley migratoria, el Presidente Trump favorece modificar  las categorà ­as que regulan la inmigracià ³n por trabajo estableciendo un sistema de puntos, similar al que existe en  Australia y en Canadà ¡. De crearse ese sistema, cada candidato a emigrar recibirà ­a una serie de puntos en funcià ³n de sus caracterà ­sticas personales  como, por ejemplo, educacià ³n, edad, experiencia laboral y conocimientos de inglà ©s. Cuanto mayor fuera su puntaje, mayores serà ­an las posibilidades de obtener una green card. Reforma migratoria para indocumentados que no son Dreamers Se calcula que en Estados Unidos hay unos 11 millones de inmigrantes sin papeles. Las propuestas de reforma solamente  contemplan la regularizacià ³n de los jà ³venes conocidos como Dreamers, lo cual dejarà ­a sin legalizacià ³n a aproximadamente nueve millones de migrantes. Todavà ­a no se ha articulado una propuesta sobre quà © pasarà ­a con ellos, aunque se estima que no resultarà ­a factible deportarlos a pesar de las amenazas que frecuentemente se dicen. Quà © es necesario para que se apruebe una ley de reformamigratoria La reforma migratoria es competencia federal y para que se apruebe una ley es necesario la mayorà ­a simple en la Cà ¡mara de Representantes (218 de 435)  y la mayorà ­a simple en el Senado (51 de 100). Una vez que una ley es aprobada por ambas cà ¡maras es necesario que la firme el presidente. Sin embargo,  en el Senado hay un recurso de obstruccià ³n legislativa, que se conoce en inglà ©s como filibuster y  que permite que uno o varios senadores impidan que una propuesta de ley se vote mediante el uso continuo  de la palabra. El filibuster solo puede detenerse cuando no hay  mà ¡s senadores dispuestos a hablar o cuando asà ­ lo decidan 3/5 del total de senadores (60 senadores). Esto tiene importantes consecuencias prà ¡cticas dada la  actual composicià ³n del Senado, donde 52 senadores son republicanos, es decir, del mismo partido que el presidente. Para levantar un posible el filibuster  que impida votar en la Cà ¡mara Alta una propuesta de ley de reforma migratoria del Presidente Trump, los republicanos necesitan al menos ocho votos de senadores demà ³cratas, lo que significa en la prà ¡ctica que para aprobar esa ley es imprescindible un acuerdo entre los partidos republicano y demà ³crata. Mientras Trump  intenta aprobar una reforma migratoria, es recomendable que los migrantes indocumentados en Estados Unidos se asesoren con abogados u organizaciones con excelente reputacià ³n sobre las posibilidades reales para regularizar su situacià ³n, si es que existe alguna. Este es un artà ­culo informativo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Shel Silverstein Critical Review - 1565 Words

Nicole Turner ENC 1102 Mrs. S. Padgett-Giorda Critical Research Essay on Shel Silverstein While many will point to poets such as Robert Frost and Sylvia Plath when speaking intellectually about the work that was produced by their pens, one should not overlook the valuable contributions of Shel Silverstein. From his first publication, The Giving Tree, to his final work, Falling Up, Silverstein entertained generations of children and parents alike with his use of poetry. His work, specifically in 1981’s A Light in the Attic, has been used as the backbone for many educators’ introduction of poetry to students. Entries like â€Å"Hot Dog,† â€Å"Homework Machine,† â€Å"Superstitious,† â€Å"Messy Room,† and â€Å"The Sitter† work on many levels with multiple†¦show more content†¦While the machine has good intentions from the start, it does not turn out so well: â€Å"Here it is— ‘nine plus four?’ and the answer is ‘three.’† (Silverstein 57) We see a morality to his craft. In a world where so many people stress perfection, he was trying to show the importance of imperfection to readers, parents and educators alike. By the time A Light in the Attic was released, Silverstein knew who would be reading his writing. The publication was his second collection, and many were already familiar with him and his writing. He knew the positive effect he could have on teachers and others that would eventually influence young minds themselves. He used his poetry as a pedestal. â€Å"Homework Machine† was a prime example of that intention. In the prime of writing career, Silverstein was counted on to help relay a combination of entertainment, education and morality to children that few have the ability to convey. Silverstein’s creative use of the English language reappears in the poem â€Å"Hot Dog.† Drawing parallels between a hot dog and a normal dog, he envisions what changes a boy and his family would have to make if they were to keep a hot dog as a pet as opposed to the latter. Obviously, this is where the entertainment value of the poem takes place. Images such as â€Å"a butcher forShow MoreRelated12 / 9 / Shel Silverstein3421 Words   |  14 PagesTyler Washington Dwivevdi Final Paper 12/9/14 Shel Silverstein literary paper Shel Silverstein was born in Chicago, Illinois on September 25, 1930. Shel Silverstein was a song writing musician, author, and an illustrator. He spent his early life serving in the U.S. Army during 1950. He was a cartoonist for many different magazines, and when he joined Playboy, his work became national known. While working at Playboy he started his career of writing poems and songs. Some of his best known works were

Economics for Managers Independent National Economy

Question: Discuss about the Report for Economics for Managers of Independent National Economy. Answer: 1. (a) Globalization is the process that helps a national economy to become more incorporated as well as interdependent with another national economy. Globalization has been a continuing process for centuries. Globalization can also be usefully be imagined as a procedure that exemplifies a transformation in the spatial organization. Four types of changes mainly characterize it. The changes include stretching of social, economical as well as political activities across political borders and continents. Globalization mainly suggests about strengthening as well as growing magnitude and flow of investment. Globalization can also be thought of as a process that Broaden and intensifies the increasing impact of worldwide interconnectedness. To advance an account of globalization it is required to turn from a general concern with the conceptualization to an inspection of the main domains of action and communication in and through which international processes develop. Globalization had also helped global to expand to an unprecedented level both absolutely and relatively in relation to national income. It can also be located on a range lie social and economic association as well as networks that come together on the broader scale of regional and international communication. Globalization can refer to those spatial-temporal procedures of modification that strengthen a alteration in the organization of human relationships by connecting jointly and expanding human movement across regions and continents. However, the idea of globalization is not supported in the Australian economy. This is mainly because; globalization had led to increase in inequality in the developed country like Australia. The economic and social changes that have taken place due to globalization had generated dislocation and hardship in the economy. As the economy of Australia developed further, there was a shift in the manufacturing base industry in Australia. The companies in Australia did not find it feasib le to do the regular manufacturing jobs in a high-wage country like Australia that can be easily performed in low-wage countries (Hirst, Thompson and Bromley 2015). Australia had also faced the problem related to wage immobility that has mainly taken place due to outsourcing of equality. This has mainly taken place due to trading with low-wage countries. These countries could perform the same tasks for subordinate pay. This in turn, intimidates the lower end of the economy of Australia. Due to globalization, the financial markets in Australia also were deregulated and rendered to international competition. Globalization is used to describe the fact that trade has increasingly exceed national borders in their production. Globalization touches every characteristic of economic and social life. Successive Australian Governments have generally moved away from guideline of monetary activity towards liberalization in order to position the Australian financial system (Stromquist and Monkman 2014). Globalized companies have invariably affected households in Australia. Existing statistics is able to provide some insights into globalization occurrence. The ABS is presently electioneering user views on the requirement and priority for globalization statistics. The user of statistics requires being aware that a business should provide data at diverse level of the business hierarchy. The indicators of globalization measures different attributes of overseas-owned businesses that need to be compared with indicators for Australian owned businesses. The attributes that is chosen could be business accounting data as well as economic measures that includes turnover as well as employment global trade. In respect to Australian owned businesses overseas, various globalization indicators in the areas of industry as well as manufacturing sector and foreign associated trade may be justified. Globalization needs to be classified in such a way so that the country gets benefited rather than being destroyed (Zajda 2013). The companies in Australia that were formerly performing basic manufacturing have now outsourced their manufacture of commodities either through foreign direct investment or through delegating to low-wage countries. This is mainly because the key factor of production for most of the customer items is economical labor that is scarce in Australia. As a result, Australia would import the commodities that are made from locally scarce factor. As per Porters competitive advantage theory, Australia is progressively importing these labor concentrated products that included textiles as well as paper. This resulted in decrease of the manufacturing sector in Australia as a percentage of GDP. Due to globalization, manufacturing in Australia had declined for the 26th successive month. The increasingly global trade had facilitated the growth in world moneymaking distribution system. This in turn, led to increased international competition amongst the motor vehicle industry manufacturers in Austral ia (Thangavelu and Chongvilaivan 2013). (b) Globalization provides great opportunity to all countries in order to improve in many areas. The countries that are engaged in free trade are able to exchange goods and resources. This indicates that the countries can specialize in producing goods where they have a comparative advantage. Once countries specialize in producing goods they are likely to gain from globalization. The countries that are able to produce goods in diverse parts of the world due to globalization are also able to gain from globalization. Countries that are able to attract short-term and long-term investment due to globalization are also able to gain from globalization. This is mainly because; investment by multinational companies plays a big role to improve the economies of developing countries (Jaumotte, Lall and Papageorgiou 2013). The developing countries mainly losses from globalization as free trade are likely to harm the countries. This is mainly because; free trade mainly benefits the developed countries. The countries, that have increased the use of non-renewable resources also losses from globalization. This is mainly because; increase use of non-renewable energy will lead to increase in global warming and population. Due to globalization, the countries that start losing the skilled workers will lose whereas; the countries that are able to attract the skilled workers with higher wages win from globalization. Globalization had also led to less cultural diversity and as a result, the countries that face less cultural diversity lose due to globalization (Staeheli 2016). 2. (a) Both the substitution effect and the income effect support each other and as a result, law of demand applies to food just as it applies to other goods and services. Individuals generally substitute to other foods as the price of a particular food increases. If the price of restaurant food increases, some people can substitute the expensive restaurant food with homemade foods. The increase in price of the restaurant food also has a negative effect on income. As a result, people will purchase less food from the restaurants with overall increase in price. The quantity of food demanded is decreased due to higher prices of food (Varian 2014). Figure: Substitution and Income Effect (Source: Created by Author) The diagram shows that substitution effect is the change in pattern of consumption due to change in the value of the relative prices of goods whereas; the income effect is the change in pattern of consumption due to change in purchasing power (Canto, Joines and Laffer 2014). (b) According to the substitution effect, as the price of a product increases, a person prefers to replace more expensive items with relatively less costly alternatives. The substitution effect mainly represents the change in macroeconomic consumption pattern that takes place due to change in comparative price of goods. The graph shows the substitution effect with units of product A on the Y-axis and units of product B on the X-axis. The demand is concave between two products. Figure: Substitution Effect (Source: Created by Author) As the price of food increases, people will substitute away from some foods and toward other foods and other activities. People might prefer to substitute diet for food and they might prefer to substitute cheaper foods for more costly foods (Phlips 2014). (c) The graph shows that due to change in consumer income, the overall budget constraint shifts inwards as well as outwards. The shift is always a parallel shift. As the income of the customers decreases, the budget constraint shifts inwards. On the other hand, as the income increases the overall budget constraint will shift outwards. The outward shift of the budget constraint is shown by the budget constraint P1L. Figure: Income Effect (Source: Created by Author) Due to increase in price of food, the income of the people will decrease, as food is considered as a normal good. Restaurants in the United States mainly suffer as negative income effect from an advanced price of food directs individuals to cut back their trips to restaurants. In the poor countries, residents start eating less food as the price of food increases and in tremendously poor countries starvation rises. 3. (a) The housing prices in Australia are continuing to increase amidst contemporary monetary growth. Sydney had witnessed the biggest increase with residential property prices swelling by 19.9 percent. Melbourne on the other hand, had witnessed residential property prices enlargement by 9.9 percent. In the year 2015, the average price of residential housing was AU$612,200. As per the International Monterey Fund (IMF), housing market hazard in Australia remain sensitive, especially in Sydney. Houses prices in Australia are predictable to be reasonably overrated by about 10 percent. In the metropolitan cities, land price are increasing because housing prices and affordability are related land price (Kulish, Richards and Gillitzer 2012). Residential supply of land are affected by factors that include costs of development, the construction of the land development industry, comparative return from non-housing uses as well as efficiency of the land-use development system. Real price of land mainly increased in Australia due to increase in price of construction a residence. The strength of the housing market in Australia is also likely to witness a worst housing market due to overvaluation of housing prices. The increase in house prices had led to severely un affordability in though metropolitan cities of Australia. Out of the major markets in Australia, Sydney had been ranked as the second most unaffordable market. Rental yields in Australia have hit significant lows due to strong increase in housing prices. The major drivers that are driving the price of houses in these cities are follows: The rate of interest: At lower rate of interest lower repayments of mortgage takes place. This in turn, allows borrowers to borrow more at any given repayment-to-income ratio. As a result, other things being equal, the price of houses increases. Due to general economic recession, the rate of interest in Australia fell rapidly that in turn, contributed to increased housing price in the metropolitan cities like Darwin, Sydney and Melbourne (Justiniano, Primiceri and Tambalotti 2015). Investment Demand: The increase in the investment in housing acts as an important driver that drives the price of houses in Australia. Increased investment demand mainly takes place due to tax benefits, fundamental socio-demographic factors, rising rental income as well a wider development in the economy. Economic Climate: The increased housing prices had also been mainly due to good climatic condition in Australia. The good climatic condition was able to keep the rate of inflation under control and the rate of inflation had been incessantly falling. As a result, the average income of people is also rising. It has been found that the rate of unemployment has an important effect on real prices of housing in Australia. Economical deregulation and innovation: The financial system in Australia is remarkably deregulated and as a result, the housing prices had increased in Australia. Demography: Demographic factors had also acted as a major driver that had led to increase in housing prices. In other words, the increase in population growth increases the number of households that in turn increases the demand for housing as well as housing prices (Kiem and Austin 2013). Economic Growth: There always exists a positive relation between income and demand for housing. In the metropolitan cities like Darwin, Sydney and Melbourne the income elasticity of demand for housing has the probability to be more. The long-term trend in real income is vital in order to explain the housing price. Wealth Effect: Housing in Australia is considered as a major store of wealth. The gross housing assets in the metropolitan cities like Darwin, Sydney and Melbourne account for more than half of overall individual wealth. Landlord-investors in Australia feel more affluent with the increase in housing prices. This is mainly termed as the effect of wealth that leads to an enhance in consumption expenditure. Increase in housing prices mainly leads takes place through self-reinforcing cycle that is driven by aggregate demand and financial growth. (b) The graph shows that there is always an inverse relationship between house prices and demand. At higher prices, owning a residence becomes more attractive and as a result, an individual becomes more likely to rent (Wright 2014). Figure: Inverse relationship between house prices and demand (Source: Created by Author) The below graph shows that lower rate of interest insists people with surplus funds to invest more. As a result, they will get a better rate of return by investing in housing as compared to bank deposit account. Figure: Lower rate of interest on house prices (Source: Created by Author) (c) In this case, the supply of land is perfectly inelastic. This is mainly because; sellers are not able to respond to increase in price of the factor of production by rising supply, as it cannot be generated anymore. Sellers mainly sell what they possess with no option of increasing supply that is followed by a rise in price. The supply is also comparatively inelastic as it takes longer time construct a new house (Fallis 2014). References Canto, V.A., Joines, D.H. and Laffer, A.B., 2014. Foundations of supply-side economics: Theory and evidence. Academic Press. Fallis, G., 2014. Housing economics. Butterworth-Heinemann. Hirst, P., Thompson, G. and Bromley, S., 2015. Globalization in question. John Wiley Sons. Jaumotte, F., Lall, S. and Papageorgiou, C., 2013. Rising income inequality: technology, or trade and financial globalization?. IMF Economic Review, 61(2), pp.271-309. Justiniano, A., Primiceri, G.E. and Tambalotti, A., 2015. Household leveraging and deleveraging. Review of Economic Dynamics, 18(1), pp.3-20. Kiem, A.S. and Austin, E.K., 2013. Drought and the future of rural communities: Opportunities and challenges for climate change adaptation in regional Victoria, Australia. Global Environmental Change, 23(5), pp.1307-1316. Kulish, M., Richards, A. and Gillitzer, C., 2012. Urban structure and housing prices: Some evidence from Australian cities. Economic Record, 88(282), pp.303-322. Phlips, L., 2014. Applied Consumption Analysis: Advanced Textbooks in Economics (Vol. 5). Elsevier. Staeheli, L.A., 2016, February. Globalization and the scales of citizenship. In Geography Research Forum (Vol. 19, pp. 60-77). Stromquist, N.P. and Monkman, K. eds., 2014. Globalization and education: Integration and contestation across cultures. RL Education. Thangavelu, S. and Chongvilaivan, A., 2013. Globalization, outsourcing and labour development in ASEAN (Vol. 115). Routledge. Varian, H.R., 2014. Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach: Ninth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Wright, B., 2014. Global biofuels: key to the puzzle of grain market behavior. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(1), pp.73-97. Zajda, J., 2013. Globalisation and neo-liberalism as educational policy in Australia. Neo-liberal Educational Reforms: A Critical Analysis, 107, p.164.

Portrayal of Women in Othello free essay sample

Anmol Paudel Eng3UO 6th March 2014 Portrayal of Women in Othello Women are one of the powerful aspects of the society. They also are unit of our society and are equally important as man. As, per conception of the people women are created as a companion for men or vice-versa. Women plays the role like mother, sister, daughter, wife with a great responsibilities. Years back in the 15, 16 century women were more behind than men, the society was male dominating and the main purpose of women was to serve their men. As famous author â€Å"William Shakespeare† in his play Othello has express that the women are the combination of love, power, loyal and obedient, even if when it comes to the matter of life and death they are not afraid to reveal the truth. The character Desdemona has shown her loyalty, and has become obedient towards her husband Othello, and the second character Emilia has shown her loyalty and her duties, responsibilities towards her husband and mistress. We will write a custom essay sample on Portrayal of Women in Othello or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And Bianca in the play is shown as working girl (prostitute) of low class which she falls in love with Cassio (lieutenant). Therefore, we can summarize that William Shakespeare portrayed women in a stereotypical role as the source of being honest and as powerful as men in the world of males in which they have to face their harsh time and he has also shows the role of the women in the particular society. Firstly, as Desdemona express her feelings and loyalty towards her husband (Othello). To begin, the above statement when the duke ask Desdemona to convey her message to the senate about Othello and her relationship in the council in front of her father she says: I do perceive here a divided duty: To you I am bound for life and education; My life and education both do learn me How to respect you. You are my lord of all my duty; I am hitherto your daughter. But here’s my husband; And so much duty as my mother show’d To you, preferring you before her father, So much I challenge that I may profess Due to the Moor my lord. (I. iii. 179-188) This quote of Desdemona can prove that how much she is into Othello and how much she respect and is loyal to her father. Above all, she also says that even she has to face death before her to love Othello she is ready to do it. However she deceived her father but the genius Shakespeare has shown her love towards the Moor that we cannot even count that she has drop her father status in the Venetian society by marrying a black man without the permission of her father. Again, after Cassio loses his reputation and he was kicked away from the post of lieutenant by Othello, Cassio goes to the general’s wife (Desdemona) to gain the post back if she can help him, as he is manipulated by Iago. And when he asks Desdemona she replies as: Do not doubt that. Before Emilia here, I give thee warrant of thy place. Assure thee If I do vow a friendship, I’ll perform it To the last article. My lord shall never rest, I’ll watch him tame and talk him out of patience; His bed shall seem a school, his board a shrift; I’ll intermingle every thing he does With Cassio’s suit. Therefore be merry, Cassio; Thy solicitor shall rather die Than give thy cause away. (III. iii. 19-28) In this quote she expresses her sympathy for Cassio for being accused in front of everybody and promise to Cassio to return his post as a favor to a friend. In addition, she also swear to him to do everything that a friend can do to save one’s post and if takes to the circumstance of relationship between Desdemona and Othello and even it is the matter of life and death, than also she is going to keep her words. This shows that an obedient and a loyal friend can even play with fire or face death to save one’s life. Shakespeare has shown the friendly relationship between Cassio and Desdemona in which the suspicion of Othello increases that leads to the great massacre (chaos) in which Desdemona have to lose her life due to the commitment to her friendship. And after she is stab by Othello than also she commits her husband as the incarnation of God, and save him by saying that she committed suicide, â€Å"Nobody; I myself. Farewell. / Commend me to my kind lord. O farewell! † (V. ii. 125-126). She shows far phenomenal strength than her husband that she never ruin the vows in marriage that she committed to do nothing wrong to her husband and always to love and serve him. Desdemona’s these lines is one of the finest line in the play which shows the love and affection towards one’s beloved and compared to Othello it seems him a pathetic excuse for him. Furthermore, she also ask him to take care of her even after her death to the Moor which establish how much she love, respect him. In addition, to this, a secondary source in which the author, Holmer, Joan Ozark has added the following quote in his article (Desdemona, Woman Warrior: O, these men, these men! ): Unkindness may do much. And his unkindness may defeat my life But never taint my love. (Medieval Renaissance Drama in England; 2005, Vol. 17, p132-164, 33p) This explains that even if the suspicion of Othello take her life but her love for Othello is same and always be same. She express herself as a love that cannot be broken apart and thus the trait (negativity) has kill her but not his love. So by this, Shakespeare through Desdemona reveals that express that love is the most powerful, than anything and it is prove she is loyal and honest to her husband. In this instant there is no doubt that how much she deserve respect. Therefore, Shakespeare has portrays Desdemona as the symbol of love, loyalty and innocent. Secondly, Emilia is the clever and is loyal woman in this play and has shown her responsibility towards her husband and her mistress. To start, when Desdemona drop the handkerchief by negligence Emilia takes it up and bring it to the Iago, â€Å"NO, faith; she let it drop by negligence, / And to th’advantage I being here took’t up. / Look, here it is. † (III. iii. 313-315). Even the audience knows that she has not stolen the handkerchief, she just pick it up and bring it to her husband as he had ask for her to steel it. In this scene she keeps her words not knowing that the significance of giving the handkerchief to Iago. Shakespeare shows in these lines that knowingly she takes the handkerchief just satisfy her husband so that he would show affection to her that a wise man should give his woman. This proves the loyalty, respect towards Iago by Emilia. As a strong character, Emilia also begins to defence the status (name/fame) of woman as the play moves ahead. When she talks with Desdemona she expresses her real meaning for (of) man. Emilia slowly begins to support her mistress and becomes far from husband and the moment after Othello strikes Desdemona, Emilia speaks of her mind, What is that they do When they change us for others? Is it sport? I think it is. And doth affection breed it? I think it doth. Is’t frailty that thus errs? It is so too. And have not we affections, Despires for sport, and frailty, as men have? Then let them use us well; else let them know The ills we do, their ills instruct us so. (IV. iii. 94-101). And describe man as only the user of woman and they deserve the curse of their mistakes, she explains about the capabilities, power of women that one can make her man ill if he is misusing her. And in this line Shakespeare portrays, that her crass, tawdry language warns men that one should better take a good care of his woman and treat her nicely and equally. As the play goes on Othello kills Desdemona and when Emilia is going to reveal the truth she is threaten by Iago to go to home but she disobey him, Good gentlemen, let me have leave to speak. ‘Tis proper I obey him, but not now. Perchance, Iago, I will ne’er go home. (V. ii. 194-196) And reveals the truth. Though it was the matter of her life and death but also without caring about it she reveals the truth and do a great favor to Desdemona, so that Othello can realizes his mistake and the love of Desdemona towards him. She dies the death of honour. As her mistress was already dead she would have not revealed the truth but also she deceived her husband and revealed it because to keep up her reputation her responsibilities, as a woman to another woman (Desdemona as her mistress). It shows that even if woman are in high or low post they can be good company between each other, like Desdemona and Emilia but in case of man, like between Othello and Iago there is always a rivalry and Iago is jealous of Othello but Emilia is not, instead she dies for Desdemona. So, Shakespeare has portrays Emilia as one of the strong character in the play that he mentioned through Emilia that women should not rely on men instead they should be more independent, strong and bold. Lastly, the character Bianca is obedient character in which she falls for Cassio. When she sees new handkerchief in Cassio’s hand she becomes jealous of that and become so curious about it and ask him, O Cassio, whence came this? This is some token from a newer friend. To the felt absence now I feel a cause. Is’t come to this? Well, well. (III. Iv. 174-177). In this line audience can notice that how much Bianca is into Cassio, how much she care about him and she is jealous to see a handkerchief in his hand. This shows that even if Bianca is working woman but also she too care for Cassio and wants to be love by him. As there is not much role of Bianca in this play but when Cassio is hurt by Rodrigo than at that time she says, â€Å"O, my dear Cassio, my sweet Cassio! / O, Cassio, Cassio, Cassio! † (V. i. 76-77). This shows her affection towards Cassio even if Cassio discriminated Bianca with Iago previously but also she fall for her. And when she is called strumpet by Emilia she refuses that and confront to be honest. Shakespeare portrays Bianca as despite of being whore she has a heart and which is for Cassio. In conclusion, Shakespeare has portrays woman as in the dominating creature in this play, thus, the main women Desdemona and Emilia dies but also they play a vital role in the play which shows love, power and dignity of the women of that time. He has compared three different class of women and their perspective towards men. He has portrays different side of women from these three different character. He has shown that woman can be as soft or harmless as Desdemona or Bianca and they can also be as invincible (bitter) as Emilia. And he has portrays the problem that women faces at that time and he gives the main theme that women should be treated equally as men, through this play Othello.

Free Essays on Greek Women

Women since the middle to late 1970's have been fighting for their rights, but still are burden with a male dominant society. Only men are in political power, thus making it very difficult for women to find their independence. A women is looked upon, by their male partners, as evil, because Eve was deceived by the serpent and not Adam. The most important role for a woman is to keep her virtue for the purification of the family's name. Even today, in a upcoming new world order society, a Greek woman has very little rights in her sexuality, education, and employment. The Greek man is the breadwinner and the woman is the homemaker. Though the Greek woman has little to say in a predominately male society, she in reality has the most power. The woman of the house controls all the domestic affairs of the Greek family. Every domestic detail is decided by the wife, ranging from home furnishings to sex. Though her husband is the breadwinner and controls the family economics, it is the woman who decides how and where the money is spent. She also controls the sexual relations between her and her husband; if the wife does not want to have relations with her husband, he is simply out of luck. The Greek wife is differently the head of household, while the Greek husband is the breadwinner. The different roles of each the wife and husband is a mutual agreement. Both male and female in the Greek society prefer to live separate lives. The men socialize with other men and the women socialize with other women. After a hard day at work, the men come together at coffee houses to socialize with one and another; most of the male's social life is done in the evening time, since they do work all day. On the other hand, the women are free to socialize all day. The women either meet with neighbors for coffee and chat, the go to church functions, or they just simply socialize while doing household chores, such as sewing or preparing meals. ... Free Essays on Greek Women Free Essays on Greek Women Women since the middle to late 1970's have been fighting for their rights, but still are burden with a male dominant society. Only men are in political power, thus making it very difficult for women to find their independence. A women is looked upon, by their male partners, as evil, because Eve was deceived by the serpent and not Adam. The most important role for a woman is to keep her virtue for the purification of the family's name. Even today, in a upcoming new world order society, a Greek woman has very little rights in her sexuality, education, and employment. The Greek man is the breadwinner and the woman is the homemaker. Though the Greek woman has little to say in a predominately male society, she in reality has the most power. The woman of the house controls all the domestic affairs of the Greek family. Every domestic detail is decided by the wife, ranging from home furnishings to sex. Though her husband is the breadwinner and controls the family economics, it is the woman who decides how and where the money is spent. She also controls the sexual relations between her and her husband; if the wife does not want to have relations with her husband, he is simply out of luck. The Greek wife is differently the head of household, while the Greek husband is the breadwinner. The different roles of each the wife and husband is a mutual agreement. Both male and female in the Greek society prefer to live separate lives. The men socialize with other men and the women socialize with other women. After a hard day at work, the men come together at coffee houses to socialize with one and another; most of the male's social life is done in the evening time, since they do work all day. On the other hand, the women are free to socialize all day. The women either meet with neighbors for coffee and chat, the go to church functions, or they just simply socialize while doing household chores, such as sewing or preparing meals. ...

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay †Shakespeare

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay – Shakespeare Free Online Research Papers A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay Shakespeare The play â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† written by Shakespeare is one of the most famous plays of Shakespeare. In the play Shakespeare could write a tragedy and comedy at the same time. In â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† he shows another play to represent parallels to â€Å"Romeo and Julia†, but both plays have the same background, magic and fantasy. In this story Shakespeare shows many different kinds of love and marriage. In the story â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† there are four plots, the royal wedding of Theseus (the duke of Athenia) and Hippolyta (the amazon queen) and the story of Athenias young lovers, Lysander, Hermia, Demetrius and Helena. The main conflict in this play is the conflict between Oberon and Titania (the fairy queens) because both are jealousy of each other. Oberon is very angry and plays a trick. He orders his servant Puck to bring his a special flower who causes on to love the first person a person sees. Oberon gives it her and she falls in love with Bottom, an ugly creature. Puck gives this charm juice the other lovers and causes a big confusing. Oberon sees that and orders puck to cancel it. He makes this and all was again good. Now I came to the question: Should â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† be performed on stage nowadays? Pro arguments: ? Real and fantasy world. Both plays, the â€Å"real† play and the play within combine good to each other. This combination makes the play more interesting and mysterious. The play is very amousing and has a lot of fun. ? The play has a good contrast of a happy end and a sad end because the â€Å"real† play has a happy end and the play within has a sad end. This is good and brings change in the play. ? This play shows the energy and the force of the nature. The play shows that one cannot affect the destiny and nature. What belongs together find also together ? The play is a fairy-tale and this is good because the people that watch or read this play can feel these plots better. Contra: ? The real and the fantasy worlds are more into another that makes it more difficult to understand ? It cannot keep apart the real and the fantasy worlds ? The play is not corresponds no longer up to date. Now I came to my own opinion whether the play â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† should be still played or not. I think that the play â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† should be still played today, because it shows us humans, that we have to fight against the patriarchal, (the man dominates). It is completely important that the play A Midsummer Nights Dreamâ€Å"wants us to show that we cannot do nothing against the power of nature and the strength of the love is powerless and which we the destiny not to affect to be able. We cannot delay our destiny however to prevent. The play should be played, since it will remain an always topically topic, the love. The love is a topic that always exists. The love is concerned to everyone. The love is in the centre of this history. This makes the play more interesting. If one is the acting modernized then that the play which one also still in 20 years could. The play plays in the coming year. Research Papers on A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay - ShakespeareHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionMind TravelEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Spring and AutumnBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XWhere Wild and West MeetTrailblazing by Eric AndersonHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHip-Hop is Art

The Role of Journalism, Mass Media and Communication in Politics Term Paper

The Role of Journalism, Mass Media and Communication in Politics - Term Paper Example The politicians have mostly used and utilized digital tools legally and illegally with the aim to chase political goals as hacktivists. Hacktivists are the online activity of the special kind that does not generally obey the order. This is to mean that in the digital world, they portray civil disobedience. This idea of hacktivism can be applied by the politicians to the view of digital activists. Online civil disobedience is also encapsulated on this. For various political reasons, activists may behave disobedient in the digital world. These online activists exercise their basic right to freedom of expression and assembly. Politicians can raise various issued or inform the public on certain issues that are happening in the ruling government that may be heating the public. Issues like corruption in the government may be raised by the politicians without being identified through the internet so that the public might provide their opinion. The unique feature of anonymous is the fact that it does not poses a political opinion that is uniform with the apparent omission of the idea of the internets absolute freedom. For an instant, no payment is to be allowed in the opinion provided, no censorship and filtration. There is decentralization of communication over abroad supply of the channels of communication, this includes, mailing list, image boards, and the channels of IRC. Since there is the distribution of information and the people participating are having an opinion that is diverse, there can not be a spokesman or a leader. In short, both the non-digital and the digital protest can at the same time come from anonymous (Slobbe & Verberkt, 2012). The anonymous statement should always be questioned because there are higher possibilities that the statement might not be true. The main method of anonymous entails a target specification and the use of the DDoS method for taking it down while asking for more participants on the internet.